[Bcma-l] (Fwd) Cultural employment and training: Arts Research Monitor
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bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
Wed, 28 May 2008 08:35:52 -0800
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bject:            &=
#160;        <b>Cultural
employment and training: Arts Research Monitor 7.2</b></span></font></div>
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te sent:            =
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28 May 2008 11:43:28 -0400 (EDT)</b></span></font></div>
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<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ar=
ts Research Monitor</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Vo=
lume 7, no 2</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.ArtsResearchMonitor.com</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">IS=
SN 1708-170X</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">by=
Hill Strategies Research</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.HillStrategies.com</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Cu=
ltural employment and training</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">In=
this issue: a number of reports on culture employment in Canada,</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in=
cluding a Statistics Canada examination of culture occupations in</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">no=
n-cultural sectors, a study of a potential policy framework for</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cr=
eative labour, and reports on professional development in Ontario’s</=
span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cu=
ltural sector.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Cr=
eative Input: The Role of Culture Occupations in the Economy during</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">th=
e 1990s Statistics Canada, April 2008</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/81-595-MIE/81-595-
MIE2008064.htm</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Sh=
ort summary available at</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080410/d080410c.htm</s=
pan></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Us=
ing data from the 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses, this Statistics</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ca=
nada report notes that the growth in the number of culture workers</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wa=
s 38% between 1991 and 2001, a figure that is almost three times</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">hi=
gher than the overall 13% growth in the total workforce. However, it</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">sh=
ould be noted that the report examines a somewhat unusual
selection</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"=
> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">of 21 =
cultural occupation codes, not the
45 or 48 occupations
examined</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=
</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in many=
other cultural-sector reports (or
the nine
occupations</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10p=
t"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">comm=
only examined in arts occupation
reports). The
growth rates differ</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10=
pt">for other definitions of the
cultural workforce, but all
have shown</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt=
"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">relat=
ively high growth rates.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e key goal of the report is to examine cultural occupations in</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">no=
n-cultural sectors of the economy. These workers are individuals</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wh=
ose creative work is typically an input into the final product in</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">th=
e non-cultural sector. That is, these individuals have primary</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">oc=
cupations that are cultural but occur within other sectors of the</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ec=
onomy. (Note that these data do not include secondary employment
of</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </spa=
n></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">culture worke=
rs.)</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e report finds that 40% of culture workers are employed in</span></font></=
div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">no=
n-cultural sectors, especially four sectors: manufacturing, business</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">se=
rvices, educational services and retail trade. Visual arts and</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
sign occupations represent over half of all culture workers in</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">no=
n-cultural sectors. Cultural work in non-cultural sectors is much</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">mo=
re common in large cities than in smaller cities and rural areas.</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e report finds that the proportion of culture workers in the</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">no=
n-cultural economy remained relatively stable during the 1990s
(0.7%</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </=
span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">of all wor=
kers in non-cultural sectors in 1991
and 0.8% in 2001).
The</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </sp=
an></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">report also =
indicates that, within the cultural
sector of the</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
0pt">
economy,</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=
</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">the 21 =
cultural occupations represent 20%
of all workers.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Be=
tween 1991 and 2001, there were two particularly significant growth</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">se=
ctors for creative workers: the manufacturing sector and the</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">bu=
siness services sector. There was a 55% increase in the number of</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cu=
lture workers in the manufacturing sector and a 91% increase in the</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">bu=
siness services sector between 1991 and 2001. However, the
number of</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"=
> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cultur=
e workers decreased in 10 of 16 non-cultural
sectors.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ov=
erall, these findings suggest that only some sectors of the economy</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pe=
rceive a growing need for cultural and creative inputs. In other</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wo=
rds, the much-heralded “creative class” is not ubiquitous. As th=
e</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">re=
port concludes, “the immense changes occurring in the Canadian</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ec=
onomy during the 1990s do not seem to have unleashed widespread</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">gr=
owth in the importance of culture labour inputs for productive</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
ocesses across the non-culture sector of the economy”.</span></font><=
/div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Fr=
om Economy to Ecology: A Policy Framework for Creative Labour</span></font=
></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ca=
nadian Conference of the Arts, March 2008</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.ccarts.ca/en/advocacy/publications/policy/econo=
miecreative.htm</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
is report acknowledges that the creative economy is growing faster</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">th=
an most other sectors and, in Canada, accounts for a greater share</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">of=
GDP than many primary resource sectors. Despite this, Canada, like</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ma=
ny other countries, does not have a comprehensive policy</span></font><fon=
t face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">
framework</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"=
> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">for th=
e creative economy. </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e report provides a scan of 20 countries’ policies related to</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cr=
eative workers and artists, including education and training</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">po=
licies, awards and contests, business support and entrepreneurial</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
velopment, as well as tax and social security policies. “Despite the<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ge=
neral assumption that the knowledge economy will produce a labour</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fo=
rce which resembles the cultural sector in its core characteristics,</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">mo=
st countries have not yet introduced comprehensive creative labour</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">po=
licies to accommodate a more flexible, mobile workforce, and one</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wh=
ich is increasingly self-employed.”</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">In=
Canada, the researchers argue for “an entire change of creativity</s=
pan></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">go=
vernance, away from the attention on the individual to collective</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cr=
eativity and its interactions”. The report calls for a broader</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">&#=
147;creative ecology” policy framework. A better understanding of the=
</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cr=
eative process of invention and expression should include greater</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">kn=
owledge of “risk, innovation, cultural entrepreneurship, public</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in=
frastructure and creative work”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ba=
sed on their research, the authors indicate that innovation could be</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">en=
hanced by “a broader approach to ‘flexicurity’ – that =
is, social</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">se=
curity for the self-employed, flexible labour force”. Governments</sp=
an></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">sh=
ould examine ways to improve social security for creative workers,</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wh=
om the researchers call “the most important but frequently forgotten<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">co=
mponent of the creative economy”. </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e researchers also indicate that current cultural statistics do not</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ap=
propriately capture “the incredible diversity of employment</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">si=
tuations specific to creative workers in the new economy”. Thus, the<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">co=
ntribution of creative workers to the economy is seriously</span></font></=
div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">un=
derestimated. They argue that “a creative labour force survey is</spa=
n></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ur=
gently needed” to examine the complex reality of the creative labour<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fo=
rce.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">En=
riching Our Work in Culture: Professional Development in Ontario’s</s=
pan></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Cu=
ltural Sector Cultural Careers Council Ontario, March 2008</span></font></=
div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff"><span style=3D"=
font-size:10pt">http://www.workinculture.on.ca/news/</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
is study, prepared for the Cultural Careers Council of Ontario</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">(C=
CCO) by Ipsos-Reid, provides information about professional</span></font><=
/div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
velopment practices in Ontario’s cultural sector, including data</spa=
n></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ab=
out “how much training is pursued, the types of training, and who is<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pa=
ying for it”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
ere were two phases to the project. The goal of the qualitative</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">st=
udy was “to review in-career skill building strategies elsewhere and<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">to=
see how Ontario measures up to national and international</span></font></=
div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">st=
andards”, while the quantitative report “surveyed Ontario artist=
s</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">an=
d arts organizations to determine actual professional development</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
actices and spending in the province”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Li=
ke the Canadian Conference of the Arts’ creative labour force</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">re=
port, the CCCO study highlights the fact that “artists may be models<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fo=
r the way we will be working in the future – independent,</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">en=
trepreneurial, and more reliant on individual networks than</span></font><=
/div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">co=
nventional organizations”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
ree separate reports are provided on the CCCO website: an
Executive</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"=
> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Summar=
y, a 104-page integrated report on
the qualitative
and</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </sp=
an></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">quantitative=
phases, and the initial phase one
qualitative report.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e quantitative findings, provided in the integrated report, are</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ba=
sed on separate surveys of artists and cultural organizations in</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">On=
tario. Some interesting findings for individual artists:</span></font></di=
v>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          84% of profess=
ional artists participated in professional
development</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10p=
t"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in t=
he past year.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> <=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          Those artists =
who did participate in professional</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
velopment spent an average of $1,700 of their own money to do so.</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          The key reason=
s for pursuing professional development
are to
upgrade</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> =
</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">existing=
artistic skills and to learn new
techniques within their</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ar=
tistic field. However, artists also indicated that they need more</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ad=
ministration and management skills, such as proposal preparation,</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">gr=
ant writing, marketing, promotion, contracts, negotiation and</span></font=
></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">bu=
siness-planning skills. </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          Financial barr=
iers are most significant in</span></font><font
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D=
"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">preventing artists from
pursuing professional development, including</span></font><font face=3D"Ar=
ial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:10pt">the
cost of training and
the loss of earnings during the training</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"=
><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span =
style=3D"font-size:10pt">period. </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          In order to im=
prove their professional development,
artists</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">su=
ggested that there should be better availability of programs or</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">co=
urses that complement or enhance their artistic field, more grants</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fo=
r artists, and more funding in general.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Mo=
st cultural organizations provide some opportunities for</span></font></di=
v>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
ofessional development. However, given that most cultural</span></font></d=
iv>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">or=
ganizations are very small, many do not have a specific budget</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">al=
location for professional development. Overall, cultural</span></font></di=
v>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">or=
ganizations in Ontario spend an average of $43 per artist or</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cu=
ltural worker on professional development, much less than the</span></font=
></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ov=
erall Canadian business average of $914 per worker. Similar to the</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fi=
ndings for individual artists, cultural organizations indicated that</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fi=
nancial barriers prevent them from providing more professional</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
velopment opportunities, including the cost of training and loss of</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wo=
rk time during the training period. Despite the low spending in the</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">cu=
ltural sector, about 90% of the cultural organizations surveyed</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ag=
ree that professional development contributes to artists’ career</spa=
n></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ad=
vancement, income growth and enhanced creativity.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e literature review of professional development in general in Canada</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fi=
nds that many workers are undertaking training at their own expense</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">an=
d that informal training is becoming more important. Barriers to</span></f=
ont></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">tr=
aining include cost, being too busy at work, conflicts between</span></fon=
t></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">tr=
aining and work schedules, and family responsibilities.</span></font></div=
>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e qualitative research report also notes that, in Canada’s cultural</=
span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">se=
ctor, there is a weak culture of human resources, a serious gap</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">be=
tween skills and compensation levels in the sector and increasing</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
mand for non-arts skills. In addition, “a highly educated workforce</=
span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">wi=
th low relative wages and a high rate of self-employment and</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">un=
der-employment all contribute to the complexities of career</span></font><=
/div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">de=
velopment.” As in other sectors, technological and demographic</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ch=
anges also contribute to skills gaps and professional development</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ne=
eds.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">In=
the cultural sector internationally, key trends include a focus on</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
ofessional development for administrators, a focus on leadership and</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">su=
ccession planning, as well as the fact that federal governments’</spa=
n></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">po=
licies regarding training and professional development are reflected</span=
></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in=
the Australian and UK cultural sectors. In some jurisdictions,</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">sm=
all, local programs have achieved success.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e consultants’ report recommends that:</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          artists and cu=
ltural organizations be encouraged
to budget at
least</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </=
span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">some money=
for professional development; </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          the need for b=
usiness-type</span></font><font
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D=
"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">training among professional artists=
be highlighted; </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          the “econ=
omic</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span
style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D=
"font-size:10pt">story for professional development” be
established, through success</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=
=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10pt">stories about economic
gain through
professional development; and </span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">=95=
          a</span></font=
><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></font><font
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">network of like-minded organ=
izations in Ontario, Canada and</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in=
ternationally be created to “develop a Best Practices literature for<=
/span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
ofessional development in the cultural sector”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Th=
e CCCO, which “considers professional development as an urgent
issue</span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </=
span></font><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">for the cu=
ltural labour force”, recommends
that additional training</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">op=
portunities be made available, through conferences, partnerships,</span></=
font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">le=
arning strategies and leadership initiatives. The CCCO also wishes</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">to=
pursue a network for discussion of professional development</span></font>=
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">in=
itiatives and research into best practices. The CCCO also wants to</span><=
/font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
omote “a policy of establishing dedicated budget lines for</span></fo=
nt></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
ofessional development” among cultural organizations, based on the</s=
pan></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">pr=
inciple that “professional development is an investment, not a</span>=
</font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">co=
st”.</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">--=
----- End of forwarded message -------</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><br/>
</div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">__=
_____________________________</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ji=
m Harding, ED</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">BC=
Museums Association</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">(2=
50) 356-5694</span></font></div>
<div align=3D"left"></div>
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