[Bcma-l] (Fwd) Situation of artists: Arts Research Monitor 7.10

bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
Tue, 31 Mar 2009 15:02:29 -0700


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&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<b>Situation o=
f artists: Arts Research Monitor 7.10</b></span></font>
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Arts Research Monitor</span></font>
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Volume 7, no 10</span></font>
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ISSN 1708-170X</span></font>
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by Hill Strategies Research</span></font>
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Situation of artists</span></font>
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In this issue: A number of recent reports have examined the situation of 
artists. This issue of the Arts Research Monitor reviews five reports from=
 
Canada and the U.S. concerning the number of artists, their earnings and 
other characteristics of artists&rsquo; working lives.</span></font>
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Artists in a Year of Recession: Impact on Jobs in 2008</span></font>
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National Endowment for the Arts, March 2009</span></font>
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<u>http://www.arts.endow.gov/news/news09/artist-unemployment-rates.html</u=
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NEA Research Note #97</span></font>
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Using unpublished labour statistics, this report finds that artists have 
particularly &ldquo;high unemployment rates and discouraging job prospects=
&rdquo; in the 
U.S. during the current recession. Among the negative statistics:</span></=
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;63=
% more artists were unemployed in fourth quarter of 2008 than in 
the fourth quarter of 2007.</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
e unemployment rate of artists (6.0%) is similar to that of all 
workers (6.1%) but much higher than the rate for all professionals (3.0%).=
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&l=
dquo;Unemployment rates for artists have risen more rapidly than for 
U.S. workers as a whole.&rdquo;</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Ma=
ny artists were not included in the unemployment statistics 
because they had left the workforce.</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
e arts occupations with the highest unemployment rates are 
performers, visual artists and writers.</span></font>
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The report notes that, in February, President Obama signed the American 
Recovery and Reinvestment Act which, among many other items, includes 
an additional $50 million for the National Endowment for the Arts &ldquo;t=
o support 
the preservation of jobs in the nonprofit arts sector&rdquo;.</span></font=
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A Statistical Profile of Artists in Canada Based on the 2006 Census</span>=
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Hill Strategies Research, February 2009</span></font>
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This report from Hill Strategies Research shows that there are 140,000 
artists in Canada who spent more time at their art than at any other 
occupation in May 2006. This report defines &ldquo;artists&rdquo; to inclu=
de nine arts 
occupations, encompassing actors, authors, choreographers, craftspeople, 
composers, conductors, dancers, directors, musicians, producers, singers 
and visual artists.</span></font>
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The report indicates that the number of artists is slightly larger than th=
e 
number of Canadians directly employed in the automotive industry 
(135,000). The report also notes that the broader cultural sector has abou=
t 
609,000 workers and comprises 3.3% of the overall labour force in Canada. =
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The report highlights the relatively low earnings of artists. The average 
earnings of artists are $22,700, compared with an average of $36,300 for a=
ll 
Canadian workers. The average earnings of artists are only 9% higher than 
Statistics Canada&rsquo;s low-income cutoff for a single person living in =
a 
community of 500,000 people or more ($20,800). The gap between artists&tra=
de; 
average earnings and overall labour force earnings is 37%.</span></font>
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A typical artist in Canada earns less than half the typical earnings of al=
l 
Canadian workers. For artists, median earnings are only $12,900, compared 
with median earnings of $26,900 for all Canadian workers. In fact, 62% of 
artists earn less than $20,000, compared with 41% of the overall labour 
force. </span></font>
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Artists&rsquo; earnings decreased, even before the current recession. Betw=
een 
1990 and 2005, the average earnings of artists decreased by 11% (after 
adjusting for inflation).</span></font>
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There are more female than male artists, yet women artists earn much less 
than men. The 74,000 female artists represent 53% of artists. In the overa=
ll 
labour force, 48% of workers are women. On average, female artists earn 
$19,200, 28% less than the average earnings of male artists ($26,700).</sp=
an></font>
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Aboriginal and visible minority artists have particularly low earnings. 
Aboriginal artists have particularly low average earnings ($15,900), a 39%=
 
gap when compared with all Aboriginal workers in the Canadian labour 
force. With average earnings of $18,800, visible minority artists earn 38%=
 
less than the average earnings of all visible minority workers in Canada. =
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The report also indicates that:</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
e percentage of artists with a bachelor&rsquo;s degree of higher (39%) is 
nearly double the rate in the overall labour force (21%).</span></font>
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&#160;</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Ec=
onomic returns to higher education are much lower for artists than 
for other workers. Artists with university credentials at or above the 
bachelor&rsquo;s level earn $26,800, which is 53% less than the average ea=
rnings 
of workers with the same education in the overall labour force ($57,500).<=
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;At=
 42%, the percentage of artists who are self-employed is six times 
the self-employment rate in the overall labour force (7%).</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
ere are relatively few opportunities for full-time work in the arts. 
Nearly twice as many artists as other workers (42% vs. 22%) indicated that=
 
they worked part-time in 2005.</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
ere has been substantial growth in the number of artists since 
1971, but the rate of growth is decreasing.</span></font>
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&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Ar=
tists, as a group, are becoming more diverse, older and better 
educated.</span></font>
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Artists in Canada&rsquo;s Provinces and Territories Based on the 2006 Cens=
us</span></font>
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Hill Strategies Research, March 2009</span></font>
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Like the report on artists in the country as a whole, this report from Hil=
l 
Strategies Research examines the situation of artists, with a focus on the=
 
Canadian provinces and territories. Artists include nine arts occupations,=
 
such as actors, authors, choreographers, craftspeople, composers, 
conductors, dancers, directors, musicians, producers, singers and visual 
artists.</span></font>
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The report shows that, among the 10 provinces, British Columbia has the 
largest percentage of its labour force in arts occupations (1.08%), the on=
ly 
province above 1% and a figure that is well above the Canadian average of 
0.77%. British Columbia has 25,900 artists who spent more time at their ar=
t 
than at any other occupation in May 2006. </span></font>
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Ontario has a slightly higher percentage of its labour force in arts 
occupations (0.81%) than the Canadian average (0.77%). With 56,900 
artists, Ontario has nearly twice as many artists as any other province.</=
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The 3,700 artists in Nova Scotia place the province third in terms of the 
proportion of the labour force in arts occupations (0.73%).</span></font>
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Quebec has the second-largest number of artists (30,200) and is fourth in 
terms of the percentage of its labour force in arts occupations (0.71%). <=
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Artists&rsquo; earnings are well below the overall labour force average in=
 every 
province. It is in Quebec where artists come closest to overall labour for=
ce 
earnings, with an earnings gap of 25%. In Ontario and Prince Edward Island=
, 
the earnings gap is 38%. In all other provinces, the earnings gap is 40% o=
r 
more.</span></font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
In dollar terms, Quebec and Ontario are the only provinces where artists&r=
squo; 
average earnings (about $24,500 in both provinces) are above the Canadian 
average ($22,700). British Columbia and Alberta are the only other 
provinces where artists&rsquo; average earnings exceed $20,000. Artists&rs=
quo; average 
earnings are about $18,000 or less in the six other provinces.</span></fon=
t>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Between 1991 and 2006, the growth in the number of artists was greater 
than overall labour force growth in six provinces. In three of these provi=
nces 
(Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), the growth in the number of 
artists was double or more the overall provincial labour force growth rate=
. 
The other three provinces with higher growth in artists than the overall 
labour force are British Columbia, Quebec and Prince Edward Island. </span=
></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Between 1990 and 2005, artists average earnings decreased in six 
provinces, after adjusting for inflation. The largest decreases were in On=
tario 
(15%) and Quebec (11%). The decreases were 9% in Saskatchewan and 
Nova Scotia, 8% in Alberta, and 5% in British Columbia.</span></font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Prince Edward Island is the only province where the average earnings of 
artists increased by more than the overall labour force (12% vs. 6%). 
However, the average earnings of artists on PEI are still quite low ($15,9=
00 
in 2005).</span></font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Artists in the Workforce: 1990 to 2005</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
National Endowment for the Arts, May 2008</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.nea.gov/news/news08/artistsinworkforce.html</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
NEA Research Report #48</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Using counts from the census and the American Community Survey, this 
report indicates that there are about 2 million artists in the U.S., or 1.=
4% of 
the overall American labour force. Median income from all sources is 
$34,800 for artists, which is higher than the overall labour force median 
($30,100) but lower than the median for other professionals ($43,200).</sp=
an></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Direct comparisons of these statistics with recent Canadian reports should=
 
not be made, because the American report uses a very different definition =
of 
&ldquo;artists&rdquo; than the Canadian reports. The U.S. report includes =
11 summary 
artist occupations, which include many more detailed occupations. In 
contrast, recent Canadian reports included nine detailed occupation codes 
from a different occupational classification. Some occupations that are 
included in the U.S. report but not in recen&#8180; Canadi&#8161;n reports=
 include 
architects and designers. These are two of the three largest occupation 
groups in the American tally, accounting for nearly half of the total numb=
er of 
artists. These occupations also have relatively high median earnings, 
especially architects. Another difference is that the American study repor=
ts 
median&#8096;income &#8166;rom all sources, while the Canadian studies hig=
hlight 
median and average employment income only.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Despite the differences, some of the overall trends are similar to Canadia=
n 
trends:</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Th=
e number of artists grew significantly between 1970 and 1990 but 
levelled off in more recent years.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Ar=
tists, on average, are better educated and more likely to be self-
employed than other workers.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fe=
wer artists than other workers have full-year, full-time 
occupations.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;On=
 average, artists earn less than other similarly-educated 
professionals.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
&bull;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Da=
ncers have particularly low incomes.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Women Artists: 1990 to 2005</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
National Endowment for the Arts, December 2008</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.arts.gov/news/news08/WomenArtists.html</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
NEA Research Note #96</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
This Research Note indicates that female artists who work full-year, full-=
time 
earn 25% less than male artists who also work full-year, full-time. The 
difference in earnings is much higher for older female artists than for 
younger ones.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Overall, there are 919,000 female artists in the U.S., just under half of =
all 
artists (46%). The proportion of women is particularly high among dancers 
(76%), the lowest-paid arts occupation. Women also outnumber men in 
design and writing occupations. On the other hand, women comprise only 
21% of architects, the highest-paid arts occupation in the study.</span></=
font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
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<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report indicates that the median age for both female and male artists =
is 
40, which matches the median age of the overall civilian labour force. Whi=
le 
artists, on average, have higher education levels than other workers, the 
levels of education are similar between female and male artists.</span></f=
ont>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
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<br />
</span>
</font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The same proportion of female artists as other female workers is married, 
but the female artists are less likely to have children.</span></font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
------- End of forwarded message -------</span></font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
_______________________________</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Jim Harding, ED</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
BC Museums Association</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
(250) 356-5694</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
&nbsp;</div>
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