[Bcma-l] (Fwd) Situation of artists: Arts Research Monitor 7.10
bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
Tue, 31 Mar 2009 15:02:29 -0700
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From:           =
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; <b>"Hill Strategies Research"
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Subject:           =
          <b>Situation o=
f artists: Arts Research Monitor 7.10</b></span></font>
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Arts Research Monitor</span></font>
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Volume 7, no 10</span></font>
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ISSN 1708-170X</span></font>
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by Hill Strategies Research</span></font>
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Situation of artists</span></font>
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In this issue: A number of recent reports have examined the situation of
artists. This issue of the Arts Research Monitor reviews five reports from=
Canada and the U.S. concerning the number of artists, their earnings and
other characteristics of artists’ working lives.</span></font>
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Artists in a Year of Recession: Impact on Jobs in 2008</span></font>
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National Endowment for the Arts, March 2009</span></font>
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<a href=3D"http://www.arts.endow.gov/news/news09/artist-unemployment-rates=
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<u>http://www.arts.endow.gov/news/news09/artist-unemployment-rates.html</u=
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NEA Research Note #97</span></font>
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Using unpublished labour statistics, this report finds that artists have
particularly “high unemployment rates and discouraging job prospects=
” in the
U.S. during the current recession. Among the negative statistics:</span></=
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•           63=
% more artists were unemployed in fourth quarter of 2008 than in
the fourth quarter of 2007.</span></font>
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•           Th=
e unemployment rate of artists (6.0%) is similar to that of all
workers (6.1%) but much higher than the rate for all professionals (3.0%).=
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•           &l=
dquo;Unemployment rates for artists have risen more rapidly than for
U.S. workers as a whole.”</span></font>
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•           Ma=
ny artists were not included in the unemployment statistics
because they had left the workforce.</span></font>
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•           Th=
e arts occupations with the highest unemployment rates are
performers, visual artists and writers.</span></font>
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The report notes that, in February, President Obama signed the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act which, among many other items, includes
an additional $50 million for the National Endowment for the Arts “t=
o support
the preservation of jobs in the nonprofit arts sector”.</span></font=
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A Statistical Profile of Artists in Canada Based on the 2006 Census</span>=
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Hill Strategies Research, February 2009</span></font>
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http://www.hillstrategies.com/resources_details.php?resUID=3D1000300</span=
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This report from Hill Strategies Research shows that there are 140,000
artists in Canada who spent more time at their art than at any other
occupation in May 2006. This report defines “artists” to inclu=
de nine arts
occupations, encompassing actors, authors, choreographers, craftspeople,
composers, conductors, dancers, directors, musicians, producers, singers
and visual artists.</span></font>
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The report indicates that the number of artists is slightly larger than th=
e
number of Canadians directly employed in the automotive industry
(135,000). The report also notes that the broader cultural sector has abou=
t
609,000 workers and comprises 3.3% of the overall labour force in Canada. =
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The report highlights the relatively low earnings of artists. The average
earnings of artists are $22,700, compared with an average of $36,300 for a=
ll
Canadian workers. The average earnings of artists are only 9% higher than
Statistics Canada’s low-income cutoff for a single person living in =
a
community of 500,000 people or more ($20,800). The gap between artists&tra=
de;
average earnings and overall labour force earnings is 37%.</span></font>
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A typical artist in Canada earns less than half the typical earnings of al=
l
Canadian workers. For artists, median earnings are only $12,900, compared
with median earnings of $26,900 for all Canadian workers. In fact, 62% of
artists earn less than $20,000, compared with 41% of the overall labour
force. </span></font>
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Artists’ earnings decreased, even before the current recession. Betw=
een
1990 and 2005, the average earnings of artists decreased by 11% (after
adjusting for inflation).</span></font>
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There are more female than male artists, yet women artists earn much less
than men. The 74,000 female artists represent 53% of artists. In the overa=
ll
labour force, 48% of workers are women. On average, female artists earn
$19,200, 28% less than the average earnings of male artists ($26,700).</sp=
an></font>
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Aboriginal and visible minority artists have particularly low earnings.
Aboriginal artists have particularly low average earnings ($15,900), a 39%=
gap when compared with all Aboriginal workers in the Canadian labour
force. With average earnings of $18,800, visible minority artists earn 38%=
less than the average earnings of all visible minority workers in Canada. =
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The report also indicates that:</span></font>
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•           Th=
e percentage of artists with a bachelor’s degree of higher (39%) is
nearly double the rate in the overall labour force (21%).</span></font>
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 </span></font>
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•           Ec=
onomic returns to higher education are much lower for artists than
for other workers. Artists with university credentials at or above the
bachelor’s level earn $26,800, which is 53% less than the average ea=
rnings
of workers with the same education in the overall labour force ($57,500).<=
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•           At=
42%, the percentage of artists who are self-employed is six times
the self-employment rate in the overall labour force (7%).</span></font>
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•           Th=
ere are relatively few opportunities for full-time work in the arts.
Nearly twice as many artists as other workers (42% vs. 22%) indicated that=
they worked part-time in 2005.</span></font>
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 </span></font>
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•           Th=
ere has been substantial growth in the number of artists since
1971, but the rate of growth is decreasing.</span></font>
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•           Ar=
tists, as a group, are becoming more diverse, older and better
educated.</span></font>
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Artists in Canada’s Provinces and Territories Based on the 2006 Cens=
us</span></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Hill Strategies Research, March 2009</span></font>
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Like the report on artists in the country as a whole, this report from Hil=
l
Strategies Research examines the situation of artists, with a focus on the=
Canadian provinces and territories. Artists include nine arts occupations,=
such as actors, authors, choreographers, craftspeople, composers,
conductors, dancers, directors, musicians, producers, singers and visual
artists.</span></font>
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The report shows that, among the 10 provinces, British Columbia has the
largest percentage of its labour force in arts occupations (1.08%), the on=
ly
province above 1% and a figure that is well above the Canadian average of
0.77%. British Columbia has 25,900 artists who spent more time at their ar=
t
than at any other occupation in May 2006. </span></font>
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Ontario has a slightly higher percentage of its labour force in arts
occupations (0.81%) than the Canadian average (0.77%). With 56,900
artists, Ontario has nearly twice as many artists as any other province.</=
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The 3,700 artists in Nova Scotia place the province third in terms of the
proportion of the labour force in arts occupations (0.73%).</span></font>
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Quebec has the second-largest number of artists (30,200) and is fourth in
terms of the percentage of its labour force in arts occupations (0.71%). <=
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Artists’ earnings are well below the overall labour force average in=
every
province. It is in Quebec where artists come closest to overall labour for=
ce
earnings, with an earnings gap of 25%. In Ontario and Prince Edward Island=
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the earnings gap is 38%. In all other provinces, the earnings gap is 40% o=
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more.</span></font>
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In dollar terms, Quebec and Ontario are the only provinces where artists&r=
squo;
average earnings (about $24,500 in both provinces) are above the Canadian
average ($22,700). British Columbia and Alberta are the only other
provinces where artists’ average earnings exceed $20,000. Artists&rs=
quo; average
earnings are about $18,000 or less in the six other provinces.</span></fon=
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Between 1991 and 2006, the growth in the number of artists was greater
than overall labour force growth in six provinces. In three of these provi=
nces
(Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), the growth in the number of
artists was double or more the overall provincial labour force growth rate=
.
The other three provinces with higher growth in artists than the overall
labour force are British Columbia, Quebec and Prince Edward Island. </span=
></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Between 1990 and 2005, artists average earnings decreased in six
provinces, after adjusting for inflation. The largest decreases were in On=
tario
(15%) and Quebec (11%). The decreases were 9% in Saskatchewan and
Nova Scotia, 8% in Alberta, and 5% in British Columbia.</span></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Prince Edward Island is the only province where the average earnings of
artists increased by more than the overall labour force (12% vs. 6%).
However, the average earnings of artists on PEI are still quite low ($15,9=
00
in 2005).</span></font>
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<br />
</span>
</font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Artists in the Workforce: 1990 to 2005</span></font>
</div>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
National Endowment for the Arts, May 2008</span></font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.nea.gov/news/news08/artistsinworkforce.html</span></font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
NEA Research Report #48</span></font>
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</span>
</font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Using counts from the census and the American Community Survey, this
report indicates that there are about 2 million artists in the U.S., or 1.=
4% of
the overall American labour force. Median income from all sources is
$34,800 for artists, which is higher than the overall labour force median
($30,100) but lower than the median for other professionals ($43,200).</sp=
an></font>
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</span>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Direct comparisons of these statistics with recent Canadian reports should=
not be made, because the American report uses a very different definition =
of
“artists” than the Canadian reports. The U.S. report includes =
11 summary
artist occupations, which include many more detailed occupations. In
contrast, recent Canadian reports included nine detailed occupation codes
from a different occupational classification. Some occupations that are
included in the U.S. report but not in recenῴ Canadiῡn reports=
include
architects and designers. These are two of the three largest occupation
groups in the American tally, accounting for nearly half of the total numb=
er of
artists. These occupations also have relatively high median earnings,
especially architects. Another difference is that the American study repor=
ts
medianᾠincome ῦrom all sources, while the Canadian studies hig=
hlight
median and average employment income only.</span></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Despite the differences, some of the overall trends are similar to Canadia=
n
trends:</span></font>
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•           Th=
e number of artists grew significantly between 1970 and 1990 but
levelled off in more recent years.</span></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           Ar=
tists, on average, are better educated and more likely to be self-
employed than other workers.</span></font>
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</font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           Fe=
wer artists than other workers have full-year, full-time
occupations.</span></font>
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</span>
</font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           On=
average, artists earn less than other similarly-educated
professionals.</span></font>
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•           Da=
ncers have particularly low incomes.</span></font>
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</font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Women Artists: 1990 to 2005</span></font>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
National Endowment for the Arts, December 2008</span></font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.arts.gov/news/news08/WomenArtists.html</span></font>
</div>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
NEA Research Note #96</span></font>
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<br />
</span>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
This Research Note indicates that female artists who work full-year, full-=
time
earn 25% less than male artists who also work full-year, full-time. The
difference in earnings is much higher for older female artists than for
younger ones.</span></font>
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Overall, there are 919,000 female artists in the U.S., just under half of =
all
artists (46%). The proportion of women is particularly high among dancers
(76%), the lowest-paid arts occupation. Women also outnumber men in
design and writing occupations. On the other hand, women comprise only
21% of architects, the highest-paid arts occupation in the study.</span></=
font>
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The report indicates that the median age for both female and male artists =
is
40, which matches the median age of the overall civilian labour force. Whi=
le
artists, on average, have higher education levels than other workers, the
levels of education are similar between female and male artists.</span></f=
ont>
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The same proportion of female artists as other female workers is married,
but the female artists are less likely to have children.</span></font>
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------- End of forwarded message -------</span></font>
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_______________________________</span></font>
</div>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Jim Harding, ED</span></font>
</div>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
BC Museums Association</span></font>
</div>
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<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
(250) 356-5694</span></font>
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