[Bcma-l] (Fwd) Situation of older artists: Arts Research Monitor 7.9
bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
bcma-l@museumsassn.bc.ca
Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:54:56 -0800
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From:           =
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; <b>"Hill Strategies Research"
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Subject:           =
          <b>Situation o=
f older artists: Arts Research Monitor
7.9</b></span></font>
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Arts Research Monitor</span></font>
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Volume 7, no 9</span></font>
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ISSN 1708-170X</span></font>
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by Hill Strategies Research</span></font>
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Situation of older artists</span></font>
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In this issue: A number of reports and resources on the situation of older=
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artists. The reports examine issues such as earnings, pensions, financial<=
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planning, health care, housing and many others. The reports seek to provid=
e
some answers to the questions: Do artists retire? What does retirement loo=
k
like for artists? If artists are often poor during their active working li=
ves, how
do they survive during their later years?</span></font>
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Above Ground: Information on Artists III</span></font>
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(Special Focus New York City Aging Artists)</span></font>
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Joan Jeffri, Columbia University, 2007</span></font>
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http://www.tc.columbia.edu/rcac/</span></font>
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This study examines the situation and needs of aging visual artists in New=
York City, based on interviews with 213 artists between 62 and 97 years of=
age. The report contends that “artists, who have learned how to adap=
t their
whole lives, have a great deal to offer as a model for society, especially=
as
the workforce changes to accommodate multiple careers, and as baby
boomers enter the retirement generation”.</span></font>
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The study reiterates previous research into key factors in “successf=
ul aging”,</span></font>
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including “positive personal growth, creativity, self-efficacy, auto=
nomy,</span></font>
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independence, effective coping strategies, sense of purpose, self-
acceptance and self-worth”.</span></font>
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The report finds that most aging visual artists feel that they will never =
retire</span></font>
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from their art. </span></font>
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The artists interviewed have high life satisfaction, high self-esteem and<=
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substantial personal networks (an average of 29 people per artist
interviewed).</span></font>
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Interestingly, many artists communicate more frequently with other artists=
than with partners, family and children.</span></font>
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The report’s findings regarding individual incomes are inconclusive =
in terms
of whether “aging visual artists are doing better or worse than the =
general
aging population”. The report does find that only 6% of aging artist=
s’
incomes comes from their art. Despite this fact, many aging artists &ldquo=
;are very
invested in their careers”.</span></font>
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The report also indicates that “60% of artists have a retirement pla=
n other
than social security”, which is slightly less than the rate among al=
l American</span></font>
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residents 55 or older (70%). </span></font>
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Many interviewees have felt discriminated against, mostly due to age or
gender, but also due to artistic discipline, ethnicity or race.</span></fo=
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The report indicates that 93% of aging artists have health insurance.</spa=
n></font>
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A majority of interviewees (61%) indicated that they “have made no
preparations for their artwork after their death”. A substantial per=
centage of
aging visual artists (21%) “have no documentation at all for their w=
ork”.</span></font>
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Among the report’s recommendations are calls to: </span></font>
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•           co=
mbat the “lack of awareness of potential aid, lack of accessibility
and outreach, inflexible regulations and the decentralization of services&=
rdquo;;</span></font>
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•           cr=
eate supports for informal social care and artists’ networks;</span>=
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•           in=
vestigate more flexible retirement models; </span></font>
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•           re=
-define both “work” and “old age”; and</span></fon=
t>
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•           in=
clude “aging artists’ lessons of a lifelong commitment to prob=
lem-
finding and managing a professional career” in the professional trai=
ning of
younger artists.</span></font>
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Essential Services for Aging Artists</span></font>
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Carnegie Mellon University, May 2006</span></font>
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http://www.mnartists.org/article.do?rid=3D115669</span></font>
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This project, undertaken by 10 students at Carnegie Mellon University, aim=
s
to provide a better understanding of the issues and needs of older visual
artists.</span></font>
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The students conducted an online survey (with about 1,000 respondents,
largely from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Pittsburgh) and focus
groups with 22 artists in New York, Los Angeles and Pittsburgh.</span></fo=
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The report highlights the results in eight categories of services for agin=
g</span></font>
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artists: retirement, estate planning, housing, archiving, health care,</sp=
an></font>
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insurance, business skills and legal services.</span></font>
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The report finds that most of the survey respondents do not plan on retiri=
ng.</span></font>
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Despite the fact that many respondents showed an interest in preserving
their works after their death, few survey respondents have started to plan=
their estate. Less than half have had their work included in an archive. I=
n
fact, there seemed to be some “confusion about what an archive is an=
d how
to access one”.</span></font>
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The report finds that the visual artists surveyed have relatively low
household incomes. In addition, “the vast majority of respondents ge=
nerated
less than $10,000 through the production of art”. The report notes t=
hat “just
over half of the survey respondents have taken financial steps to prepare =
for
retirement.”</span></font>
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Given their low incomes, it is not surprising that many artists have only<=
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limited levels of savings, investments or real-estate holdings.</span></fo=
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Regarding housing, the report finds that artists are more likely to be ren=
ters</span></font>
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than owners and that there is a lack of affordable space in safe
neighbourhoods.</span></font>
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Regarding health care, the survey finds that about the same proportion of<=
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artists as the overall American population have health insurance. However,=
most artists have gone without health insurance at some point during their=
lives.</span></font>
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Furthermore, about one third of respondents “have had a health crisi=
s they
could not pay for. Of those, more than a third are in debt as a result of =
this
health crisis.”</span></font>
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Most respondents have no insurance outside of health care and automobile</=
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insurance. Many “had never heard of fine art insurance”. In ad=
dition, few</span></font>
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respondents have received training in financial, business or marketing ski=
lls,</span></font>
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except for resume and artist statement writing. The vast majority of
respondents felt a need for assistance in these business-related areas.</s=
pan></font>
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Regarding legal services, tenant/landlord disputes were most common,
while some issues were noted regarding copyright, trademarks, patents,
censorship and other legal areas.</span></font>
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<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report argues, somewhat counterintuitively, that “the need for s=
ervices</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
among artists does not markedly increase as artists age”. Because of=
this</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
finding, many of the report’s recommendations apply to artists of an=
y age
group.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The most significant recommendation is for artists to become educated and
aware of the different services available to them. The report argues that
networking could provide many benefits for artists: artists are urged &ldq=
uo;to take
advantage of opportunities to connect with other artists and with their
community at large”. </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Policies and Programs of Support for Senior Artists</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Prepared by Joyce Zemans, Published by International Federation of Arts
Councils and Cultural Agencies, December 2007</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.ifacca.org/topic/models-of-support-for-older-artists/</span></f=
ont>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
This report provides a brief summary of supports for older artists in 18</=
span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
countries. The report is based on primarily web research into the programs=
in these countries. As noted in the report, a major problem “is that=
we do not
have the opportunity to examine how the models actually work and how
effective they are, nor to update the information beyond the most recent
entry on relevant websites”.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report finds that, “in Europe, in particular, national governmen=
ts have</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
played an important role in the creation and the delivery of support syste=
ms
for senior artists, through legislation, direct funding and through ongoin=
g
programs”.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report groups the supports for senior artists into six categories: pen=
sion</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
schemes; multi-year grants; guaranteed income; subsidized housing
programs; dancers’ transition centres; and grants for senior artists=
awarded
for artistic contribution. Some programs are available to all artists, whi=
le
others are operated by unions, guilds or associations for certain types of=
artists.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Senior Artists Research Project: Preliminary Research into International
Support for Senior Artists</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Hill Strategies Research, February 2009</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.hillstrategies.com/resources_details.php?resUID=3D1000294</span=
></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The Senior Artist Research Project hopes to find viable solutions to the
social and economic difficulties faced by senior artists in Canada. Five k=
ey
categories of services have been identified by the Senior Artist Research
Project: </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           ho=
using, </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           he=
alth, </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           ca=
reer needs (artistic skills, business skills, legal services, archiving
of works), </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           so=
cial needs / isolation, and </span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
•           fi=
nancial (retirement, pensions, financial planning, estate planning,</span>=
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
insurance, etc.)</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
This report, prepared by Hill Strategies, notes that results from the 2006=
</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
census show that the average earnings of Canadian artists are $22,700,
compared with an average of $36,300 for all Canadian workers. The gap
between artists’ average earnings and overall labour force earnings =
is 37%.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Despite these low earnings, as they age, artists face an even larger drop =
in</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
earnings than other workers. The average earnings of Canadian artists 55 o=
r</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
older are only $17,800, or 38% less than the average earnings of artists
between 45 and 54 years of age. In comparison, the average earnings of all=
Canadian workers 55 or older ($36,200) are only 26% less than the average
earnings of all Canadian workers between 45 and 54 years of age.</span></f=
ont>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
A larger percentage of artists (21%) than other workers (18%) are in the 5=
5
and over age group.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report provides brief summaries of programs, services and associations=
that support older artists in 14 countries, largely in Europe. This inform=
ation
will provide a backdrop for further discussions between Kelly Hill and
international researchers, program managers and artists regarding the
workings of the international programs.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The report will be updated periodically to integrate new information about=
the</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
international programs.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Council of Europe / ERICarts, 2007 (updated regularly)</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#0000ff" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
http://www.culturalpolicies.net</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
This site is an invaluable resource regarding cultural policies and progra=
ms
in European countries, as well as a few other countries around the world
(including Canada).</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
With contributions from local researchers, the site contains detailed and<=
/span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
categorized information about cultural policies in 41 countries. The site<=
/span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
contains information about policy objectives, current issues, cultural</sp=
an></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
institutions, cultural financing, governance structures, legal provisions,=
</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
support to creativity, cultural participation, arts education, diversity a=
nd</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
intercultural dialogue.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
The information on the site can be retrieved by country, by topic, or usin=
g
both categories. For example, one can compare supports to artists across
all 41countries or in a subset of countries. The site also provides summar=
ies
of recent changes in each country’s cultural policies and programs.<=
/span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Comparative tables between countries include subjects such as public
priorities, legislation, policy, cultural funding, cultural participation =
and
cultural consumption.</span></font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
<br />
</span>
</font>
</div>
<div align=3D"left">
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
--</span></font>
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_______________________________</span></font>
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<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">
<span style=3D" font-size:10pt">
Jim Harding, ED</span></font>
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BC Museums Association</span></font>
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(250) 356-5694</span></font>
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